What is Medicare + Choice

Medicare + Choice, or Medicare Part C, is a system designed to deliver your health care benefits under Medicare.

Types of plans

Coordinated Care/Managed Care Plans

Managed care plans organize doctors and hospitals into health care delivery networks with the intent of lowering costs and providing appropriate care by "managing" the medical care provided. Under Medicare+Choice there will be three managed care plan options available to beneficiaries.

  • Health Maintenance Organizations – HMOs have been available to Medicare beneficiaries for over 10 years, primarily as risk plans. HMO’s must offer all Medicare benefits plus other uncovered benefits, but enrollees are locked into receiving services from the HMO.

  • Point-of-Service (POS) – HMO risk plans offer an option allowing the beneficiary to receive services outside the network for higher out-of-pocket costs.

  • Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) – Like HMOs, PPOs have networks of physicians and hospitals that have agreed to discount their rates for plan members. But, unlike HMOs, many PPOs do not require members to see a Primary Care Physician (gatekeeper) before seeing a specialist. Enrollees are free to consult non-network health professionals but must pay higher out-of-pocket costs.

Provider Sponsored Organizations (PSOs)

PSOs are new entities to both the managed care industry and to the Medicare program. They are similar to HMOs in that they offer networks of health professionals that provide comprehensive services. However, they are established, organized and operated by locally based hospitals and physicians groups rather than by insurance companies.

Private Fee-For-Service Plans (PFFS)

This new option allows insurance companies to offer Medicare beneficiaries a private indemnity health insurance policy. Indemnity or fee-for-service policies are "medical insurance the old-fashioned way." Medicare would make fixed monthly payments to certain plans from which beneficiaries would purchase a private indemnity health insurance policy that must offer at least the same package of benefits provided under Medicare Parts A and B. The plan may also offer supplemental benefits. There is no cap on the amount a beneficiary may be charged in premiums for the plan, however, beneficiaries must be told before they enroll what their premium will be for the coming year. In addition, beneficiaries’ out-of-pocket cost for co-insurance and deductibles may not exceed the "average amount" beneficiaries would pay in traditional fee-for-service. Unlike traditional Medicare, the plan determines the rate of reimbursement for all doctors and hospitals. Providers may not balance bill their Medicare patients more than 15% above the payment level set by the plan. (Balance billing in traditional Medicare fee-for-service is capped at 15% above Medicare’s allowable payment.)

Medical Savings Accounts (MSAs)

The budget agreement offers another choice to Medicare beneficiaries – a Medicare MSA demonstration project.

  • Beneficiaries choosing this option will purchase a high deductible (up to $6,000 in 1999) catastrophic health insurance policy to accompany a medical savings account.

  • Medicare contributions will be used to pay the premium for the high-deductible/catastrophic plan. Any remaining amount will be deposited into the individual’s MSA.

  • The MSA catastrophic plan must provide coverage for at least the items and services available under Medicare Parts A and B.

  • Funds in the MSA will be used to pay for the cost of medical services up to the level of the catastrophic policy deductible. It is likely that beneficiaries will have to contribute a significant amount out-of-pocket to pay for services before the plan deductible is reached.

  • Doctors and hospitals are not limited in the amount they may charge beneficiaries for services, i.e., unlike traditional Medicare, balance billing limits will not apply for service delivered in an MSA plan.

  • Beneficiaries enrolled in an MSA may not also have Medigap plan.

  • Withdrawals from an MSA for non-medical purposes are subject to income tax and, in certain circumstances, a 50% penalty.

  • Enrollment in the MSA is limited to 390,000 beneficiaries. Beneficiaries eligible for Veteran’s health benefits, military retiree health care, the Federal Employee Health Benefits Program (FEHBP), as well as those eligible for Medicaid, the Qualified Medicare Beneficiary (QMB) program, and the Specified Low-income Beneficiary (SLMB) program may not enroll in a Medicare MSA.

Religious Fraternal Benefit Society Plans

These are offerings, which may restrict enrollment to members of the church, convention or group with which the society is affiliated. Payments may be adjusted, as appropriate to take into account the actuarial characteristics and experience of plan enrollees.

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Eligibility

To be eligible to join a Medicare + Choice plan, you must:

  • be entitled to Medicare under Part A

  • be enrolled in Part B

  • live in the plan’s geographical service area or continuation area

  • not have End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) at the time of enrollment (with the exception of age-ins)

A "continuation area" is a HCFA-approved geographic area outside the plan’s service area where the Medicare + Choice Organization furnishes or arranges for furnishing of services. When a member moves out of the Medicare + Choice plan’s service area and into a continuation area on a permanent basis, he or she may choose to continue the enrollment option Medicare + Choice Organizations have the option of establishing continuation areas.

In this context, the term "age-in" refers to a beneficiary who was enrolled in a private plan that also provides services to Medicare + Choice, developed ESRD while in the plan, then became eligible for Medicare and "aged in" to the Medicare + Choice plan. In this instance, the beneficiary must elect to join the plan during the initial election period, and the plan must accept him or her.

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Preventive Benefits

Medicare + Choice provides for the following preventive benefits:

  • Mammography Screening

  • Pap Smears

  • Prostate Screening

  • Colorectal Screening

  • Diabetes Self-Management

  • Bone Density Measurement

  • Vaccine Outreach

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Tips for choosing a plan:

  • Review the plans available in your area

  • Determine the rules of coverage for the plan you are considering

  • Determine your responsibility with the plan you are considering

  • Determine what’s important for you

  • Sign up only if you want to change your coverage. If everything is going well with your health insurance coverage there is no reason to change.

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